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Some important facts about computer
Introduction
The word ‘Computer’ comes from the Latin word ‘Computerae’ meaning to compute. Computer is defined as “An automatic electronic apparatus for making calculations, controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms”.
Some Important Terms Related to Computer
Data - The word data has been derived from Latin word ‘datum’ (Means facts). It is a collection of facts and figures which are not in directly usable form.
Processing - The act of performing some actions to convert into useful form.
Information - It is processed data or final result which is in directly usable form and conveys some meaningful results.
Instruction - It is type of action to be taken on data.
Basic Operations - Input, Storing, Processing, Output, Control.
Components of a Computer
Input Unit
- It accepts data and instructions from the user.
- It converts the accepted instructions into the machine language.
- It gives converted instructions to CPU for processing.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- All processing work of computer is performed by it.
- It is also termed as brain of computer.
- It controls all the parts of computer system.
It is further classified into three components
(a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit It per forms all arithmetic and logic operations. It consists of number of small locations, termed as registers. It has two parts
(i) Arithmetic Section All complex arithmetic expressions are per formed by repetitive combination of these operations.
(ii) Logic Section It performs all logic operations like comparing, selecting and merging of data.
(b) Control Unit It gives command to transfer data from the input devices to memory and from memory to arithmetic logic unit. It transfers the results from memory to output unit.
(c) Memory It temporarily (Primary) / permanently (Secondary) holds the data received from input device. It holds the data being processed and intermediate results being generated. It holds the system software and the application software in use.
It can be classified into two types
RAM (Random Access Memory) RAM is where all active programs and data are stored so that they are readily available and easily accessed by the CPU.
ROM (Read Only Memory) It is logical then that data stored on ROM can not be changed. It is non volatile which means that it can keep its contents even without a power source.
- PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)
- EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
- EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
Output Unit
It accepts processed data (results) from CPU.
It converts results from machine language into some simple language.
It displays results to user.
eg, Visual Display Unit (VDU), Printer, Plotter, Floppy Disk Drive, Magnetic Disk Drive, Speaker, Pen Drive, etc.
Software It is a set of instructions that directs the computer to process information. It can be classified into three types
(i) System Software It coordinates the operation of the various hard ware components of the computer. eg,
MS DOS, Windows 95/98/2000/XP/Vista, Linux and UNIX.
(ii) Application Software It is a set of program designed for specific uses or applications eg, MS Word, MS Excel etc.
(iii) Utilities Software Utility programs are those that are very often requested by many application programs. It is used to debug the software errors, correct the data through the editor eg, Pkzip, Anti Virus Software, etc.
Some important full forms
1.) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth.
2.) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.
3.) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution.
4.) COMPUTER - Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research.
5.) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources Under Siege.
6.) UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.
7.) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode.
8.) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode.
9.) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identity.
10.) ESN - Electronic Serial Number.
11.) UPS - Uninterruptible power supply.
12.) HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
13.) VPN - Virtual private network.
14.) APN - Access Point Name.
15.) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module.
16.) LED - Light emitting diode.
17.) DLNA - Digital Living Networks Alliance.
18.) RAM - Random access memory.
19.) ROM - Read only memory.
20.) VGA - Video Graphics Array.
21.) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array.
22.) WVGA - Wide video graphics array.
23.) WXGA - Wide screen Extended Graphics Array.
24.) USB - Universal serial Bus.
25.) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network.
26.) PPI - Pixels Per Inch.
27.) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display.
28.) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet access.
29.) HSUPA - High- Speed Uplink Packet Access.
30.) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access.
31.) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service.
32.) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution.
33.) NFC - Near field communication.
34.) OTG - On-the-go.
35.) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display.
36.) O.S. - Operating system.
37.) SNS - Social network service.
38.) H.S - HOTSPOT.
39.) P.O.I - Point of interest.
40.) GPS - Global Positioning System.
41.) DVD - Digital Video Disk.
42.) DTP - Desk top publishing.
43.) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine.
44.) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet.
45.) CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access.
46.) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access.
47.) GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications.
48.) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity.
49.) DIVX - Digital internet video access.
50.) APK - Authenticated public key.
51.) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition.
52.) SIS - Installation source.
53.) DELL - Digital electronic link library.
54.) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection.
55.) RSS - Really simple syndication.
56.) TFT - Thin film transistor.
57.) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate.
58.) MPEG - moving pictures experts group.
59.) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response System.
60.) HP - Hewlett Packard
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